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Cake day: June 18th, 2023

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  • Hot springs are the surface manifestation of subsurface groundwater being indirectly heated by geothermal heat, usually magma (magma is underground lava, lava is magma erupted at the surface). Environments where hot springs occur are associated with their eruptive counterparts called a geyser. Subsurface rock with fractures and wide pore space between grains are more conducive to the geostructual plumbing that characterize hot springs/geysers. More acidic and biologically active hot springs are called mudpots. The groundwater will reflect the environment it circulates in and can have wide range of dissolved ions. Once vaporized or brought to the surface groundwater and mobilize any number of compounds. Most geysers are coated in Geyserite, which is a hydrated silica mineral sourced from silica rich bedrock that groundwater interacts with. Some environments, called fumaroles, will have no circulating liquid water and will be dominated by volcanic vapor and groundwater steam. Fumaroles are the nasty ones because they tend to have vaporized hydrochloric acid and sulfur oxides in the steam. These emitted gases derive from cooling of complex magmas that contain sulfur, fluorine, hydrogen, and carbon.



  • A good point. From the get-go humans have been intensely tribal and fearful of outsiders. 10,000 years of history shows we kinda bumbled our way through it with a lot of causalities but also a lot of beautiful culture, art, feats, and athletic talent sprinkled in for people who had the time. Now every part of the earth is so interconnected it is unprecedented. How we bumble through this stage is unfolding into a sad story but I can’t get too beat up about it for my own sanity.





  • Okay, first off, a lion swimming in the ocean? Lions don’t like water. If you’d placed it near a river or some sort of fresh water source, that’d make sense. But you find yourself in the ocean, 20-foot waves, I’m assuming it’s off the coast of South Africa, coming up against a full-grown, 4-pound blobfish with his 20 or 30 friends? You lose that battle. You lose that battle nine times out of ten. And guess what? You’ve wandered into our school of blobfish, and we now have a taste of lion. We’ve talked to ourselves. We’ve communicated. “Lion tastes good. Let’s go get some more lion!" We’ve developed a system to establish a beachhead and aggressively hunt you and your family. And we will corner your pride, your children, your offspring…