

It’s a little deeper than that, a lot of advertising works on engagement -based heuristics. Today, most people would call it “AI” but it’s fundamentally just a reinforcement learning network that trains itself constantly on user interactions. It’s difficult-to-impossible to determine why input X is associated with output Y, but we can measure in aggregate how subtle changes propagate across engagement metrics.
It is absolutely truthful to say we don’t know how a modern reinforcement learning network got to the state it’s in today, because transactions on the network usually aren’t journaled, just periodically snapshot for A/B testing.
To be clear, that’s not an excuse for undesirable heuristic behavior. Somebody somewhere made the choice to do this, and they should be liable for the output of their code.
The problem with this is it doesn’t work for home users that want to pay for their software. Crazy… I know… but those people do exist.